º¹À½À» ¼±Æ÷Ç϶ó [µðµµ 2:1-15] |
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Text Titus 2:1-15 Title Let's make it out! 1But as for you, teach what is consistent with sound doctrine. 2Tell the older men to be temperate, serious, prudent, and sound in faith, in love and in endurance. 3Likewise, tell the older women to be reverent in behavior, not to be slanderers or slaves to drink; they are to teach what is good, 4so that they may encourage the young women to love their husbands, to love their children, 5to be self-controlled, chaste, good managers of the household, kind, being submissive to their husband, so that the word of God may not be discredited. 6Likewise, urge the younger men to be self-controlled. 7Show yourself in all respects a model of good works, and in your teaching show integrity, gravity, 8and sound speech that cannot be censured; then any opponent will be put to shame, having nothing evil to say of us. 9Tell slaves to be submissive to their masters and to give satisfaction in every respect; they are not to talk back, 10not to pilfer, but to show complete fidelity, so that in everything they may be an ornament to the doctrine of God our Savior. 11For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all, 12training us to renounce impiety and worldly passions, and in the present age to live lives that are self-controlled, upright, and godly, 13while we wait for the blessed hope and the manifestation of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ. 14He it is who gave himself us from all iniquity and purify for himself a people of his own who are zealous for good deeds. 15Declare these things; exhort and reprove with all authority. Let no one look down on you. This whole chapter deals with what might be called The Christian Character in Action. It takes people by their various ages and stations and lays down what they gouth to be within the world. Paul begins with senior men, 1But as for you, teach what is consistent with sound doctrine. 2Tell the older men to be temperate, serious, prudent, and sound in faith, in love and in endurance. They must be temperate. The word is nephalios, and it literally means sober in contradistinction to given to over-indulgence in wine. The point is that when a man has reached years of seniority, he ought to have learned what are, and what ae not, true pleasures. The senior men should have learned that the pleasures of self-indulgence cost far more than they are worth. The must be serious. The word is semnos, and it describes the behaviour which is serious in the right way. It does not describe the demeanor of a person who is a gloomy killjoy, but the conduct of the man who knows that he lives in the light of eternity, and that before so very long he will leave the society of men for the society of God. They must be prudent. The word is sophron, and it describes the man with the mind which has everything under control. Over the years the senior men must have acquired that cleansing, saving strength of mind which has learned to govern every instinct and passion until each has its proper place and no more. The three words taken together mean that the senior man must have learned what can only be called the gravity of life. A certain amount of recklessness and of unthinkingness may be pardonable in youth, but the years should bring their wisdom. One of the most tragic sights in life is a man who has learned nothing from them. Further, there are three great qualities in which the senior man must be healthy. He must be healthy in faith. If a man lives really close to Christ, the passing of the years and the experiences of life far from taking his faith away will make his faith even stronger. The years must teach us, not to trust God less but to trust him more. He must be healthy in love. It may well be that the greatest danger of age is that it should drift into consciousness and fault-finding. Sometimes the years take kindly sympathy away. It is fatally possible for a man to become so settled in his ways that he comes unconsciously to resent all new thoughts and ways. But the years ought to bring, not increasing intolerance but increasing sympathy with the views and mistakes of others. He must be healthy in fortitude. The years should temper a man like steel, so that he can bear more and more, and emerge more and more the conqueror over life's troubles. Paul continues to speak, 3Likewise, tell the older women to be reverent in behavior, not to be slanderers or slaves to drink; they are to teach what is good, 4so that they may encourage the young women to love their husbands, to love their children, 5to be self-controlled, chaste, good managers of the household, kind, being submissive to their husband, so that the word of God may not be discredited. It is clear that in the early Church a most honored and responsible position was given to the older women. The older women to whom the years have brought serenity and sympathy and understanding have a part to play in the life of the Church and of the community which is peculiarly their own. Here the qualities which characterize them are laid down. The senior women must not spread slanderous stories. It is a curious trait of human nature that most people would rather repeat and hear a malicious tale than one to someone's credit. It is no bad resolution to make up our minds to say nothing at all about people if we cannot find anything good to say. The older women must teach and train the younger sometimes it would seem that the only gift experience give to some is that of pouring cold water on the plans and dreams of others. It is a Christian duty ever to use experience to guide and encourage, and not to daunt and discourage. The younger women are bidden to be devoted to their husband and their children, to be prudent and chaste, to manage their households well, to be kindly to their servants and to be obedient to their husbands; and the object of such conduct is that no one will be able to speak evil of the word of God. In this passage there is both something that is temporary and something that is permanent. In the ancient Greek world the respectable woman lived a completely secluded life. In the house she had her own quarters and seldom left them, not even to sit at meals with the menfolk of the family; and into them came no man except her husband. She never appeared any public assemblies or meetings; she seldom appeared on the streets, and, when she did, she never did so alone. In fact it has been said that there was no honorable way in which a Greek woman could make a living. No trade or profession was open to her; and if she tried to earn a living, she was driven to prostitution. If the women of the ancient Church had suddenly burst every limitation which the centuries had imposed upon them, the only result would have been to bring discredit on the Church and cause people to say that Christianity corrupted womanhood. The life laid down here seems narrow and circumscribed, but it is to be read against its background. In that sense the Pauline teaching of women's submission to men is temporary. But there is also a sense in which it is permanent. It is the simple fact that there is no greater task, reponsibility and privilege in this world than to make a home. There is in fact nowhere where a truly religious life can better be lived than within the home. In v 6 Paul leaves a short teaching of the younger men, 6Likewise, urge the younger men to be self-controlled. The duty of the younger men is summed up in one sentence, but it is a pregnant one. They are bidden to remember the duty of prudence. As we have already seen, the man who is prudent, sophron, has that quality of mind which keeps life safe. he has the security which comes from having all things under control. But in youth the blood runs hotter and the passions speak more commandingly. The tide of life runs strongest in youth and it sometimes threatens to seep a young person away. In youth there are more opportunities for going wrong. Their confidence often comes from lack of experience. No one can buy experience; that is something for which only the years can pay. There is a risk, as there is a glory, in being young. For that very reason, the first thing at which any young person must aim is self-mastery. No one can ever serve others until he has mastered himself. Proverbs 16:32 says: "He who rules his spirit is greater than he who takes a city." Self-discipline is not among the more glamorous of the virtues, but it is the very stuff of life. When the eagerness of youth is buttressed by the solidarity of self-mastery, something really great comes into life. In vv 7-8 Paul says about the Christian teacher, 7Show yourself in all respects a model of good works, and in your teaching show integrity, gravity, 8and sound speech that cannot be censured; then any opponent will be put to shame, having nothing evil to say of us. Christian teachers must have three qualities. First, they must have a pattern of good works. People need some role models to follow even in faith. Second, they must show integrity and gravity in their teaching. The word, integrity, in Greek means an absolute purity of motive; the word, gravity, in Greek dignity. When Christian teachers have absolutely pure motives and dignity, not from outside but from within, not self-accumulating but freely given from the Lord, people see that God is the living God. Third, they must teach in sound speech. The Greek adjective for sound includes healthy. Good teachings make souls healed, healthy, and fruitful. In vv 9 and 10 Paul teaches about the Christian slaves, 9Tell slaves to be submissive to their masters and to give satisfaction in every respect; they are not to talk back, 10not to pilfer, but to show complete fidelity, so that in everything they may be an ornament to the doctrine of God our Savior. In the early Church the problem of the Christian slaves was acute. It was one which could operate in two directions. If the master was a heathen, the responsibility laid upon the servant was heavy indeed, for it was perhaps only through his/her conduct that the master could ver come to see what Christianity was. it was the task of the slave to show the master what a Christian could be There was another side to the problem. If the master was a Christian, a new temptation came into the life of the Christian slaves. They might attempt to trade on their Christianity. They might think that, because both they and their masters were engaged in the same Church, special allowances would be made for them. They might expect to get away with things. For such reasons Paul orders the Christian slaves to be submissive to their masters. They must be good slaves to be ornaments to the doctrine of God our Savior. Slavery is, of course, wrong. Even under the misplaced human conditions you can show how awesome God is to you and me. In vv 11~15 Paul writes, 11For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all, 12training us to renounce impiety and worldly passions, and in the present age to live lives that are self-controlled, upright, and godly, 13while we wait for the blessed hope and the manifestation of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ. 14He it is who gave himself us from all iniquity and purify for himself a people of his own who are zealous for good deeds. 15Declare these things; exhort and reprove with all authority. Let no one look down on you. What we including Titus should proclaim is that "the grace of God has appeared." The grace of God has twofold meanings. First, it brings salvation to all. Grace means that which is given free to you and cannot be earned or repaid. Your good works can never buy salvation nor repay the divine grace. Christian good works are the voluntary responses of lovers enchanted by the true love without seeking self-glory. Second, it trains believers to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions but to obtain godliness and self-control. Any religious life reflects the outward expression of the inward heart. Not all worldly passions are wrong or sinful; but uncontrolled ones not fit to reveal God to others. Furthermore, the Christian teachers have things to do beyond proclaiming the grace of God bringing salvation to all and training believers to be godly and self-controlled. That is to exhort and to prove. Christian teaching is fundamentally encouraging people from fear to courage, from despair to hope, from impossibility to possibility. It is, however, convicting sinners to know themselves who they really are before the presence of God. By Paul through Titus God gave us three responsibilities, proclaiming the Good News, encouraging people to bear the positive fruits in their lives, and helping them check up who they really are in relationship to God the true Judge. When you carry out such responsibilities, people will make differences. Let's make it out. God behind you will be with you and help you to do so. |